Turquoise is instantly recognized by its bright, waxy robin-egg blue shot through by dark veins. It is prized by collectors and jewelry makers but gets pricey. So how come sometimes it’s expensive and other times you can get a whole string of blue turquoise for cheap? What’s the secret to cheap beads? Often they’re not turquoise! Some common and inexpensive minerals can be dyed to look like rare and valuable stones.

Ancient Popularity

Turquoise is an iconic gemstone from the deserts of the Middle East and the American Southwest. It has been crafted into jewelry for thousands of years. How do we know this? Turquoise was discovered in the tomb of King Tut.

Turquoise Hacks & How to Make Turquoise

The turquoise look-alike hack? Dyeing inexpensive white rocks with veining similar blue. Minerals like howlite and magnesite are famous for how easy they are to transform into artificial turquoise. Howlite is usually soft and it has microscopic pores or open spaces to suck in blue dye. Here are six simple steps to make “turquoise” from howlite.

Step One

Get one or many specimens of howlite.

Step Two

Get a flat baking pan, kitchen tongs, a glass bowl or jar, Ty-D-Bol toilet cleaner or another dye such as blue food coloring or blue cloth dye. Experiment to see what dye works best. All these materials can be purchased at a 99- Cent Store for around $4.

Step Three

Prepare the howlite by placing it on a baking pan. Heat it in a kitchen oven at 200°F for at least 30 minutes. This opens pore spaces, making them larger than normal.

Step Four

Fill a jar with Ty-D-Bol or another dye. Using oven mitts, remove the baking pan from the oven. Using tongs, drop the hot howlite into the Ty-D-Bol liquid. Make sure the howlite is fully immersed and be careful not to splash the blue dye.

Step Five

Set the bowl or jar aside for several days or weeks. As the howlite cools, its pore spaces will contract. As they do so, they suck in the dye.

Step Six

Move to the kitchen sink with the bowl or jar. With tongs, pull out the pieces of howlite and rinse them under running water from the faucet, then place the specimens on a paper towel or cloth rag and allow them to dry. The result should look like turquoise.

Helpful Hints

Some specimens of howlite are softer and more porous than others. A harder specimen may not turn entirely blue. In fact, it may not suck in any dye at all! If this happens, try again with other howlite specimens. Crafting a cabochon with newly-made artificial turquoise may result in a white rock as it’s ground on a wheel. This is because the blue dye only penetrates the surface of the howlite. For an artificial turquoise cab, it’s best to first make it out of howlite and dunk it in Ty-D-Bol or another blue dye.

This story about how to make turquoise appeared in Rock & Gem magazine. Click here to subscribe. Story by Jim Brace-Thompson.

The post How to Make Turquoise first appeared on Rock & Gem Magazine.

Populations of humans on Earth have been divided into such time periods as the Ice Age, Stone Age, Iron Age, Bronze Age, all the way up to our current Nuclear Age. New dates now show that Native Americans enjoyed a Copper Age some 9,500 years ago.

Per an article in a recent issue of the journal Science, an indigenous group called the “Old Copper Culture” worked deposits of pure copper ore found around the Great Lakes region of North America, making them some of the very first peoples on Earth to craft items from metal rather than from rocks.

In particular, projectile points (as well as other utilitarian items) made of copper have been found near Eagle Lake, Wisconsin, and elsewhere in the upper Midwest. Per the article, this signaled a “technological triumph,” which then “mysteriously faded” some 5,400 years ago.

Geologist David Pompeani (Kansas State University) has been examining sediment cores from areas with prehistoric copper mines in Michigan to come up with these new dates. They push copper mining in the Americas back by some 3,000 to 4,000 years than earlier suspected.

Using his revised timeline, Pompeani, his colleagues, and others suggest that a sustained dry period disrupted these early innovators. Plus, some point out that the time and effort to mine, forge, process, and produce copper arrows simply wasn’t worth the effort as compared to the ease and speed to produce arrows from stones like flint. Thus, rather than expand and capitalize on their technological triumph, the Old Copper Culture of North America simply faded away.